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NEW QUESTION # 99
TeratInfo Pvt. Ltd. is an IT company that develops software products and applications for financial organizations. Owing to the cost-effective storage features and robust services provided by cloud computing, TeratInfo Pvt. Ltd. adopted cloud-based services. Recently, its security team observed a dip in the organizational system performance. Susan, a cloud security engineer, reviewed the list of publicly accessible resources, security groups, routing tables, ACLs, subnets, and IAM policies. What is this process called?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The process that Susan, a cloud security engineer, is performing by reviewing the list of publicly accessible resources, security groups, routing tables, ACLs, subnets, and IAM policies is known as performing cloud reconnaissance.
Cloud Reconnaissance: This term refers to the process of gathering information about the cloud environment to identify potential security issues. It involves examining the configurations and settings of cloud resources to detect any misconfigurations or vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers.
Purpose of Cloud Reconnaissance:
Identify Publicly Accessible Resources: Determine if any resources are unintentionally exposed to the public internet.
Review Security Groups and ACLs: Check if the access control lists (ACLs) and security groups are correctly configured to prevent unauthorized access.
Examine Routing Tables and Subnets: Ensure that network traffic is being routed securely and that subnets are configured to segregate resources appropriately.
Assess IAM Policies: Evaluate identity and access management (IAM) policies to ensure that they follow the principle of least privilege and do not grant excessive permissions.
Outcome of Cloud Reconnaissance: The outcome of this process should be a comprehensive understanding of the cloud environment's security posture, which can help in identifying and mitigating potential security risks.
Reference:
Cloud Security Alliance: Cloud Reconnaissance and Security Best Practices.
NIST Cloud Computing Security Reference Architecture.
NEW QUESTION # 100
Ray Nicholson works as a senior cloud security engineer in TerraCloud Sec Pvt. Ltd. His organization deployed all applications in a cloud environment in various virtual machines. Using IDS, Ray identified that an attacker compromised a particular VM. He would like to limit the scope of the incident and protect other resources in the cloud. If Ray turns off the VM, what will happen?
Answer: A
Explanation:
When Ray Nicholson, the senior cloud security engineer, identifies that an attacker has compromised a particular virtual machine (VM) using an Intrusion Detection System (IDS), his priority is to limit the scope of the incident and protect other resources in the cloud environment. Turning off the compromised VM may seem like an immediate protective action, but it has significant implications:
* Shutdown Impact: When a VM is turned off, its current state and all volatile data in the RAM are lost.
This includes any data that might be crucial for forensic analysis, such as the attacker's tools and running processes.
* Forensic Data Loss: Critical evidence needed for a thorough investigation, such as memory dumps, active network connections, and ephemeral data, will no longer be accessible.
* Data Persistence: While some data is stored in the Virtual Hard Disk (VHD), not all of the forensic data can be retrieved from the disk image alone. Live analysis often provides insights that cannot be captured from static data.
Thus, by turning off the VM, Ray risks losing essential forensic data that is necessary for a complete investigation into the incident.
References:
* NIST SP 800-86: Guide to Integrating Forensic Techniques into Incident Response
* AWS Cloud Security Best Practices
* Azure Security Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 101
Elaine Grey has been working as a senior cloud security engineer in an IT company that develops software and applications related to the financial sector. Her organization would like to extend its storage capacity and automate disaster recovery workflows using a VMware private cloud. Which of the following storage options can be used by Elaine in the VMware virtualization environment to connect a VM directly to a LUN and access it from SAN?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In a VMware virtualization environment, to connect a virtual machine (VM) directly to a Logical Unit Number (LUN) and access it from a Storage Area Network (SAN), the appropriate storage option is Raw Device Mapping (RDM), which is also referred to as Raw Storage.
Raw Device Mapping (RDM): RDM is a feature in VMware that allows a VM to directly access and manage a storage device. It provides a mechanism for a VM to have direct access to a LUN on the SAN1.
LUN Accessibility: By using RDM, Elaine can map a SAN LUN directly to a VM. This allows the VM to access the LUN at a lower level than the file system, which is necessary for certain data-intensive operations2.
Disaster Recovery Automation: RDM can be particularly useful in disaster recovery scenarios where direct access to the storage device is required for replication or other automation workflows1.
VMware Compatibility: RDM is compatible with VMware vSphere and is commonly used in environments where control over the storage is managed at the VM level1.
Reference:
Connecting a VM directly to a LUN using RDM is a common practice in VMware environments, especially when there is a need for storage operations that require more control than what is provided by file-level storage. It is a suitable option for organizations looking to extend their storage capacity and automate disaster recovery workflows12.
NEW QUESTION # 102
SecAppSol Pvt. Ltd. is a cloud software and application development company located in Louisville, Kentucky. The security features provided by its previous cloud service provider was not satisfactory, and in 2012, the organization became a victim of eavesdropping. Therefore, SecAppSol Pvt. Ltd. changed its cloud service provider and adopted AWS cloud-based services owing to its robust and cost-effective security features. How does SecAppSol Pvt. Ltd.'s security team encrypt the traffic between the load balancer and client that initiate SSL or TLS sessions?
Answer: D
Explanation:
To encrypt the traffic between the load balancer and clients that initiate SSL or TLS sessions, SecAppSol Pvt. Ltd.'s security team would enable an HTTPS listener on their load balancer. This is a common method used in AWS to secure communication.
Here's how it works:
HTTPS Listener Configuration: The security team configures the load balancer with an HTTPS listener, which listens for incoming SSL or TLS connections on a specified port (usually port 443).
SSL/TLS Certificates: They deploy SSL/TLS certificates on the load balancer. These certificates are used to establish a secure connection and encrypt the traffic.
Secure Communication: When a client initiates a session, the HTTPS listener uses the SSL/TLS certificate to perform a handshake, establish a secure connection, and encrypt the data in transit.
Backend Encryption: Optionally, the load balancer can also be configured to encrypt traffic to the backend servers, ensuring end-to-end encryption.
Security Policies: The security team sets security policies on the load balancer to define the ciphers and protocols used for SSL/TLS, further enhancing security.
Reference:
AWS documentation on configuring end-to-end encryption in a load-balanced environment, which includes setting up an HTTPS listener1.
AWS documentation on creating an HTTPS listener for your Application Load Balancer, detailing the process and requirements2.
NEW QUESTION # 103
An IT company uses two resource groups, named Production-group and Security-group, under the same subscription ID. Under the Production-group, a VM called Ubuntu18 is suspected to be compromised. As a forensic investigator, you need to take a snapshot (ubuntudisksnap) of the OS disk of the suspect virtual machine Ubuntu18 for further investigation and copy the snapshot to a storage account under Security-group.
Identify the next step in the investigation of the security incident in Azure?
Answer: B
Explanation:
When an IT company suspects that a VM called Ubuntu18 in the Production-group has been compromised, it is essential to perform a forensic investigation. The process of taking a snapshot and ensuring its integrity and accessibility involves several steps:
* Snapshot Creation: First, create a snapshot of the OS disk of the suspect VM, named ubuntudisksnap.
This snapshot is a point-in-time copy of the VM's disk, ensuring that all data at that moment is captured.
* Snapshot Security: Next, to transfer this snapshot securely to a storage account under the Security-group, a shared access signature (SAS) needs to be generated. A SAS provides delegated access to Azure storage resources without exposing the storage account keys.
* Data Transfer: With the SAS token, the snapshot can be securely copied to a storage account in the Security-group. This method ensures that only authorized personnel can access the snapshot for further investigation.
* Further Analysis: After copying the snapshot, it can be mounted onto a forensic workstation for detailed examination. This step involves examining the contents of the snapshot for any malicious activity or artifacts left by the attacker.
Generating a shared access signature is a critical step in ensuring that the snapshot can be securely accessed and transferred without compromising the integrity and security of the data.
References:
* Microsoft Azure Documentation on Shared Access Signatures (SAS)
* Azure Security Best Practices and Patterns
* Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing
NEW QUESTION # 104
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